African Commission launches report providing framework for an African human rights-based response to HIV

News release: Human Rights organisations applaud African Commission’s launch of HIV report

SALC : STAFF WRITER

Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire – On this International Human Rights Day, regional human rights organisations commend the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) on the adoption and launch of the summary version of the Report on the Law and Human Rights in the African Human Rights System: Key Challenges and Opportunities during ICASA 2017 in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

The Report was developed by the Commission’s Committee on the Protection of the Rights of People Living with HIV and Those at Risk, Vulnerable to and Affected by HIV (HIV Committee) through a process of extensive consultation and engagement with experts and civil society over a period of two years. This report is the first of its kind. It provides a framework for an African human rights-based response to HIV. It illustrates what human rights law demands of States in the context of HIV, and describes both barriers and good practices for effective rights-based responses. As a body vested with the broad mandate for the protection and promotion of human rights in Africa, it is significant that the Commission is recognising HIV as an urgent and significant human rights concern.

In trying to push for an end to the HIV epidemic, some States in the region continue to propose and implement coercive and punitive solutions that violate human rights. While there have been great strides in new biomedical interventions in the HIV response, the Commission’s Report is a reminder that the end of HIV will not be achieved without human rights at the heart of the response.

“The Commission is a critical instrument for enforcing human rights in Africa. We commend the Commission for its leadership in ensuring that human rights are at the centre of the HIV response. The advancements in medicines for HIV and models of care cannot be of any use unless people’s human rights are respected and structural barriers to accessing HIV care and treatment are removed,” said Michaela Clayton, Director of the AIDS and Rights Alliance for Southern Africa (ARASA).

“Through the Report, the Commission affirms the obligation of States to promote non-discrimination particularly, discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity; and to address the systemic violations of the rights of key populations and marginalised groups in particular, the right to health which exacerbates vulnerability to HIV ,” says Humphrey Ndondo, Executive Director of the African Men for Sexual Health and Rights (AMSHeR).

“We hope that the Report will guide the Commission, States, and other stakeholders, in their decision making,” said Kaajal Ramjathan-Keogh, Executive Director of the Southern Africa Litigation Centre. “We call on States to engage with this important Report, and take note of both the barriers and good practices described.”

International Human Rights Day, marked on 10 December, must serve as a reminder of the importance of human rights when addressing HIV. It is a day where society should not only celebrate human rights, but keep in mind the long road ahead and the continuing human rights challenges that must be addressed if we are to end AIDS as a public health threat.

ENDS

For more info:

Lesley Odendal, Communications Lead, AIDS and Rights Alliance for Southern Africa (ARASA): communications@arasa.info, +27 72 960 8991

Annabel Raw, Southern Africa Litigation Centre (SALC): annabelr@salc.org.za, +27 10 596 8538

See www.achpr.org for more about the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) and the report.

Canada: Alberta courts urged to follow Ontario example and stop prosecuting people for not disclosing their HIV status

Alberta should curb prosecutions for HIV non-disclosure

The Ontario government announced Crown attorneys will no longer prosecute certain cases of HIV-positive people who don’t disclose their status to their sexual partner.

By: Kevin Maimann Metro Published on Mon Dec 04 2017

Advocates are urging Alberta courts to stop prosecuting HIV-positive people who don’t tell their sexual partners their status, as long as they’ve been on medication for a certain length of time.

The call comes after a federal justice department report released Friday concluded that criminal law should generally not apply to people who are on HIV treatment, are not on treatment but use condoms, or engage only in oral sex.

The Ontario government also announced Friday, which was World AIDS Day, that Crown attorneys will no longer prosecute cases of HIV-positive people who don’t disclose their status to their sexual partner when the HIV-positive person has had a suppressed viral load for six months.

Viral load refers to the amount of HIV virus in a person’s blood.

“It’s a huge step forward,” said Brook Biggin, founder of the Edmonton Men’s Health Collective and regional manager of the Community Based Research Centre for Gay Men’s Health.

“Our hope is that Alberta will make a sensible decision as well, and look at the evidence and follow suit.”

The announcement was made in response to the report, which was titled “Criminal Justice System’s Response to Non-Disclosure of HIV” and backed by analysis from the Public Health Agency of Canada.

The report found there is no realistic possibility of a person transmitting HIV if they have been on treatment and have an undetectable viral load.

Biggin said Canada is notorious for being “one of the worst countries” in terms of the number of recorded prosecutions for HIV non-disclosure.

The Canadian HIV Legal Network has recorded more than 200 prosecutions.

Because there is no specific law around non-disclosure in Canada, other laws are used to prosecute cases.

Offenders are often charged with aggravated sexual assault, with the idea being that a failure to disclose the condition invalidated consent, and that HIV could cause significant bodily harm.

Aside from often lengthy jail terms, those convicted have also faced mandatory designation as sex offenders.

“These are charges that ruin people’s lives,” Biggin said.

Veronica Jubinville, press secretary for Alberta Justice Minister Kathleen Ganley, said in an e-mailed statement that the ministry is taking the report into consideration.

“We are evaluating how this potential change could impact our courts and these types of cases in Alberta,” the statement reads.

Published in Metro News on Dec 04, 2017

Canada: Ontario decision to limit HIV criminalisation seen as a step forward but more still needs to be done

HIV-positive community says Ont. ruling is first step of long process

TORONTO — A move by the Ontario government to limit the prosecution of HIV-positive people who don’t disclose their status to sexual partners is being called a step in the right direction by those affected, but they say there’s much more progress to be made.

The government announced on Friday that people with low viral loads who don’t have a realistic chance of transmitting the disease can’t be charged with a crime if they don’t disclose their medical status to a sexual partner.

Previously, non-disclosure could lead to an aggravated sexual assault charge that landed convicted people on a sex offender list.

Ontario made the changes after studies showed that the risk of transmission is negligible if people are being treated for the disease or if appropriate precautions are taken.

Chad Clarke, 46, who served 39 months in prison for non-disclosure, said he cried when the announcement was made and said progress was being made to end what community advocates called the criminalization of HIV.

“I feel great because they’re listening to our voices,” said Clarke. “I look forward to see where we go … they just proved that you have them willing to sit down, and maybe Canada will sign on to this.”

However, advocates in the community say there are downsides to the ruling as well.

Jeff Potts, managing director of the support and advocacy group Canadian Positive People Network, said that decriminalizing only people with low viral loads means the community will be divided between people who are fortunate enough to get the medical treatment they need, and marginalized people who are not.

“At the end of the day, laws that criminalize people living with HIV for any reason, unless it can be proven there was intentional harm, are unjust,” said Potts, who has been HIV-positive for three decades.

“They don’t make sense, they don’t keep up with the science, it does nothing more than perpetuate stigma and further marginalize people who live with HIV.”

Potts said that some people will see this as a wrong step because of that division, but acknowledged that it’s important that the government has shown it understands there’s a conversation that needs to happen.

The government said Sunday it had no comment about any plans to further limit prosecution of HIV-positive people for non-disclosure.

Potts and Clarke spoke of the stigma that came with being HIV-positive and said that the fear of prosecution was “unbearable.”

Clarke, who was originally sentenced to four years in prison, says his daughter still won’t let him speak to his grandson, and said he still isn’t on speaking terms with his parents. He used to feel at home in Toronto’s Church and Wellesley neighbourhood, where there is a strong LGBTQ community, but has since moved to a small rural community because the area brings back too many bad memories

“Knowing that I’m on a national sex registry that puts me on the same category as people that actually harm children or dismember bodies when they do a sexual thing doesn’t make me feel to good,” said Clarke.

While Clarke is also calling for further changes to non-disclosure rules, he said the HIV community has to be mindful of how they carry on the fight and that they must focus on educating Canadians.

“We need to use our voices properly, hold them accountable, and educate,” said Clarke. “If we don’t educate and show them the love of this community, they’re not going to hold that door open for us no more.”

Malawi: Police officers urged to stop criminalising sex-workers due to their HIV status

Malawi law enforcers urged to desist from criminalizing sex-workers over HIV/AIDS status

LILONGWE-(MaraviPost)-The Malawi Police Services’ (MPS) officers have been urged to desist from criminalizing sex-workers due to their HIV and AIDS status when they come to conflict with the law.

This reduce cases of defaulting the drug prolonged-life, ARVs when are on remand cell as they become uncooperative with the law-enforcers

The call will also enhance cordial relationship men in uniform they have with sex-worker as they harbor criminals when playing their trade.

In an exclusive interview with The Maravi Post in the sidelines of World AIDSDAY that falls on December 1st yearly, Priest Mpemba, Kanengo Police Model station HIV/AIDS Coordinator, said time was ripe for officers handle sex-workers in line with human rights principles.

Mpemba who is also DNA Forensic Investigator observed that some law-enforcers criminalize sex-workers during sweeping exercises due to their serial status.

The HIV/AIDS coordinator added that the laws of land do not criminalize sex-work but the act of being conflict with the constitution including robbery and violence among others.

On legalization of sex work in the country, the DNA Forensic Investigators said the matter was a policy issue which the county’s leadership must trade carefully regarding to how the society perceives sex workers.

With extensive sensitization the station is taking on HIV/AIDS, Mpemba expects a cordial relationship between the police and the public in ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the country.

On skills handling suspects living with HIV and AIDS, the coordinator said that the station expects fewer lawsuits.

“This year’s World AIDS DAY commemoration must focus as well on how sex-workers are being treated in the society. They are into that trade with various reasons but their rights must be respected as human beings. This is the reason the station using its own resources has been into intensive sensitization on the virus.

“Our officers should also treat suspects especially those living with the virus with dignity as human that they continue taking medication when are on remand. This will reduce drug defaulters and ease lawsuits the station receives,” says Mpemba.

Speaking Friday on World AIDS Day, at the Blantyre Youth Centre The Minister of Health and Population, Atupele Muluzi said that right to health is a fundamental human right, everybody has the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.

This year’s commemoration was under the theme ‘Right to Health: Access to Quality HIV Prevention and Treatment Services”.

Before the function, the Minister opened Umodzi Family Centre at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital. The centre will help facilitate HIV testing and treatment, TB screaming and offer reproductive health services.

AIDS is no longer the high-profile public health menace it once was thanks to the discovery in 2011 that antiretroviral treatment can not only suppress HIV in the bloodstream and reduce the risk of spreading the virus, but also, some experts predict, eventually end the epidemic.

Published in the Maravi Post on Dec 3, 2017

Canada: HIV criminalisation is unacceptable states UNAIDS Director Michel Sidibé in Ottawa on World AIDS Day

Mylène Crête, The Canadian Press 1 December 2017

OTTAWA – The Criminalisation of people with HIV is unacceptable and must stop, UNAIDS Director Michel Sidibé said during his visit to Ottawa on Friday for World AIDS Day.

He spoke these words about an hour before Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould sends a signal to the criminal justice system to adapt to scientific advances in the treatment of the disease.

People are hiding, said Mr Sidibé. People ultimately do not go to services and when people do not go to services, they continue to infect their partners.

“A person who does not disclose his HIV status and transmits HIV to his sexual partner can be subjected to criminal charges in Canada, whether of assault or sexual assault. The consent given is no longer valid because of this omission.

Over the last 20 years, 59 people have been charged. In the majority of cases, these were charges of aggravated sexual assault. In more than 75 percent of cases, these people were found guilty even though more than half had not transmitted the disease.

These statistics come from a report released Friday by the federal Department of Justice to examine the issue. He concludes that the evidence must include antiretroviral therapy and a person’s viral load.

For example, an HIV-positive people whose viral load is almost zero – 200 copies per millilitre of blood – who does not disclose their HIV status. should not be charged because they can not transmit HIV. It is the same scenario for those who use a condom or who just have oral sex.

Charges are relevant only in specific cases, such as when a partner is lying about his condition and intentionally transmitting the virus by adopting risky behaviors. On the heels of this report, Ontario announced on Friday that its prosecutors will no longer lay charges against people who have had a suppressed a viral load for six consecutive months and who do not disclose their condition to their sexual partners.

In Quebec, there is no time limit, but a team of 17 prosecutors is already ensuring that any charges filed meet the realistic transmission test of the Supreme Court in 2012 in Mabior. Under this criterion, a low viral load and the use of a condom do not entail the obligation for the HIV-positive person to disclose his condition.

In all, 27 people with HIV in Quebec were the subject of accusations since 1989, about one case per year.

Other provinces may choose to follow suit and issue their own guidelines. Minister Wilson-Raybould made a written declaration on Friday to work with her counterparts.

At the same time, the Liberal government announced $ 36.4 million to fund prevention and research activities on the disease.

UNAIDS Director, Michel Sidibé, was in Ottawa to launch his annual report with Minister of Health Ginette Petitpas Taylor and Minister for International Development Marie-Claude Bibeau.

In his report, he pointed out that global efforts to prevent HIV transmission were failing to raise the awareness of men.

On the African continent, only one-third of men are able to say whether they are HIV-positive. This contributes to the “infernal cycle” of transmission as older men infect young women, who in turn transmit the virus to other men, said Mr Sidibé.

Prevention must now take into account this “blind spot” By promoting safer sex practices among men and the importance of being tested for the disease.

Mr. Sidibé nevertheless praised prevention efforts around the world, pointing out that, for the first time, there are more people with the virus under treatment – 21 millions – than there are people with the disease.

Overall worldwide solidarity has really produced results, he concluded, results that no one would have imagined. (…) But I would like to conclude by saying that this is not the moment of complacency. This is the moment to redouble our efforts. This is the time to continue investing in this fight because we can end AIDS.

“Otherwise the epidemic could rebound and erase all the gains made since the onset of the disease in the 1980s.

Published in L’Actualité on Dec 1, 2017

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VIH: la criminalisation est inacceptable, selon le directeur d’ONUSIDA

Mylène Crête, La Presse canadienne1 décembre 2017

OTTAWA — La criminalisation des personnes atteintes du VIH est inacceptable et doit cesser, a affirmé le directeur d’ONUSIDA, Michel Sidibé, lors de son passage à Ottawa, vendredi, à l’occasion de la Journée mondiale du sida.

Il a prononcé ces paroles environ une heure avant que la ministre Jody Wilson-Raybould envoie un signal au système de justice pénale pour qu’il s’adapte aux avancées scientifiques dans le traitement de la maladie.

«Lorsqu’on punit, les gens se cachent, a constaté M. Sidibé. Les gens, en définitive, ne vont pas vers les services et quand les personnes ne vont pas vers les services, elles continuent à infecter leurs partenaires.»

Une personne qui ne divulgue pas sa séropositivité et qui transmet le VIH à son partenaire sexuel peut faire l’objet d’accusations criminelles au Canada, soit de voies de fait ou d’agression sexuelle. Le consentement donné ne tient plus en raison de cette omission.

Au cours des 20 dernières années, 59 personnes ont ainsi été accusées. Dans la majorité des cas, il s’agissait d’accusations d’agression sexuelle grave. Dans plus de 75 pour cent des cas, ces personnes ont été reconnues coupables même si plus de la moitié n’avaient pas transmis la maladie.

Ces statistiques proviennent d’un rapport publié vendredi par le ministère fédéral de la Justice pour examiner la question. Il conclut que la preuve doit inclure la prise d’un traitement antirétroviral et la charge virale d’une personne.

Par exemple, les personnes séropositives dont la charge virale est presque nulle — 200 copies par millilitres de sang — et qui ne divulguent pas leur état ne devraient pas être accusées puisqu’elles ne peuvent pas transmettre le VIH. Même scénario pour celles qui utilisent un condom ou qui se limitent à des relations sexuelles orales.

Des accusations sont pertinentes seulement dans certains cas précis, comme lorsqu’un partenaire ment sur sa condition et transmet intentionnellement le virus en adoptant des comportements à risque.

Dans la foulée de ce rapport, l’Ontario a annoncé vendredi que ses procureurs ne déposeront plus d’accusations envers les personnes qui ont une charge virale supprimée durant six mois consécutifs et qui ne dévoilent pas leur état à leurs partenaires sexuels.

Au Québec, il n’y a pas de limite de temps, mais une équipe de 17 procureurs s’assure déjà que toute accusation déposée respecte le critère de possibilité réaliste de transmission émis par la Cour suprême en 2012 dans l’arrêt Mabior. En vertu de ce critère, une charge virale faible et l’utilisation d’un condom n’entraînent pas l’obligation pour la personne séropositive de divulguer son état.

En tout, 27 personnes porteuses du VIH au Québec ont fait l’objet d’accusations depuis 1989, soit environ un cas par année.

D’autres provinces pourraient choisir d’emboîter le pas et émettre leurs propres lignes directrices. La ministre Wilson-Raybould s’est engagée vendredi dans une déclaration écrite à travailler avec ses homologues.

Au même moment, le gouvernement libéral annonçait 36,4 millions $ pour financer des activités de prévention et de recherche sur la maladie.

La prévention touche peu les hommes

Le directeur d’ONUSIDA, Michel Sidibé, était de passage à Ottawa pour le lancement de son rapport annuel en compagnie de la ministre de la Santé, Ginette Petitpas Taylor, et de la ministre du Développement international, Marie-Claude Bibeau.

Dans ce rapport, il souligne que les efforts mondiaux pour prévenir la transmission du VIH échouent à sensibiliser les hommes.

Sur le continent africain, seulement un tiers des hommes sont capables de dire s’ils sont séropositifs. Cela contribue au «cycle infernal» de la transmission puisque des hommes plus âgés infectent de jeunes femmes, qui à leur tour transmettent le virus à d’autres hommes, a expliqué M. Sidibé.

La prévention doit maintenant tenir compte de cet «angle mort» en faisant la promotion de pratiques sexuelles sûres auprès des hommes et de l’importance d’être testé pour la maladie.

M. Sidibé a tout de même salué les efforts de prévention partout sur la planète en soulignant que, pour la première fois, davantage de personnes porteuses du virus sont sous traitement — 21 millions — qu’il y a de personnes atteintes.

«Ensemble, la solidarité globale a vraiment produit des résultats, a-t-il conclu. Des résultats que personne n’aurait imaginés. (…) Mais je voudrais conclure en disant que ce n’est pas le moment de la complaisance. C’est le moment de redoubler nos efforts. C’est le moment de continuer à investir dans cette lutte parce que nous pouvons mettre fin au sida.»

Sans quoi l’épidémie pourrait connaître un rebond et effacer tous les acquis faits depuis l’apparition de la maladie dans les années 1980.

US: PJP Update – November 2017

The November 2017 edition of the Positive Justice Project newsletter is available here.

US: HIV Criminalisation Webinar on Dec 7 for criminal defense attorneys about the current state of medicine

2017 FREE Webinar: HIV Criminalization Webinar

On December 7, 2017, the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) and The Center for HIV Law & Policy (CHLP), will co-host a webinar on HIV Criminalization that will provide participants with a medical primer about the current state of medicine with regard to HIV research and treatment. This primer, geared toward criminal defense attorneys, but open to all, will be coupled with a discussion on how to use medical research to develop defenses, present the court with mitigation, negotiate favorable pleas for clients, and litigate constitutional, evidentiary, and discovery issues. There will also be a section exploring the ethical issues that attorneys must grapple with when handling these cases. See attached event flyer.

Date: Thursday, December 7, 2017

When: 1:30 p.m. – 3:00 p.m. ET

Cost: FREE

CLE credit: Available for up to *1.5 hours of CLE (general) where self-study credit authorized and approved.

* Registrants will be sent a link to the written CLE materials in advance of the webinar.

Canada: Canadian organisations issue joint statement on the federal Justice Minister report “Criminal Justice System’s Response to Non-Disclosure of HIV.”

AN IMPORTANT, MODEST ADVANCE ON WORLD AIDS DAY Federal and Ontario governments take first steps toward limiting unjust HIV criminalization, but must work with community and experts to go further The following statement is issued jointly by the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, the HIV & AIDS Legal Clinic Ontario (HALCO), Canadian Positive People Network (CPPN), the Ontario Working Group on Criminal Law + HIV Exposure (CLHE), and the Canadian Coalition to Reform HIV Criminalization: December 1, 2017—

Today, after years of advocacy by community organizations, both the federal and Ontario governments have finally recognized the need to limit the “overcriminalization of HIV” in Canada. They have each taken a first step toward that end— specifically, by recognizing that a person living with HIV who has a suppressed viral load should not be criminally prosecuted, because this is at odds with the science. This morning, the federal Justice Minister released her department’s long-anticipated report, “Criminal Justice System’s Response to Non-Disclosure of HIV.”

The report contains a number of important conclusions warranting a more limited application of the criminal law than is currently the case. In particular, the report explicitly recognizes that HIV is first and foremost a public health matter, that the use of the blunt instrument of the criminal law should be a matter of last resort, that the application of the criminal law to HIV non-disclosure is likely to disproportionately affect people Indigenous, gay and Black people. The report also recognizes that it is problematic, in at least some circumstances, to use the law of sexual assault to deal with allegations of HIV non-disclosure.

Meanwhile, the Ontario Attorney-General and Minister of Health have released a joint statement confirming that “HIV should be considered with a public health lens, rather than a criminal justice one, wherever possible,” and that in light of the overwhelming scientific consensus for cases where an individual has a suppressed viral load for six months, Ontario’s Crown Prosecutors will no longer be proceeding with criminal prosecutions in such cases.

These are welcome first steps. But what is needed is deeper, broader reform. Earlier this week, the Canadian Coalition to Reform HIV Criminalization (CCRHC) released a joint Community Consensus Statement endorsed by more than 150 organizations across the country, from the HIV sector and beyond. Developed through several months of cross-country consultation, the statement shows clear consensus against the current overly broad use of the criminal law in Canada against people living with HIV and the urgent need for action from federal, provincial and territorial governments.

The Community Consensus Statement declares that, in accordance with international guidance, criminal prosecutions should be limited to cases of actual, intentional transmission of HIV. It also specifically identifies circumstances in which criminal prosecution for alleged HIV non-disclosure is clearly inappropriate. In particular, the Community Consensus Statement declares that HIV related criminal charges are not appropriate where a person living with HIV engaged in activities that, according to the best available scientific evidence, posed no significant risk of transmission, which activities include: § oral sex; § anal or vaginal sex with a condom; and § anal or vaginal sex without a condom while having a low viral load.

It is encouraging, therefore, that Justice Canada’s report recommends that the criminal law should not apply to people who have a suppressed viral load.

Furthermore, Justice Canada recommends that: The criminal law should generally not apply to persons living with HIV who: are on treatment; are not on treatment but use condoms; or, engage only in oral sex (unless other risk factors are present and the person living with HIV is aware of those risks), because the realistic possibility of transmission test is likely not met in these circumstances.

These conclusions need to be reflected in clear prosecutorial directives issued by federal and provincial Attorneys General. However, the announcement today by the Attorney General of Ontario – which province accounts for more than half the prosecutions to date in Canada – falls well short of this, as it only commits to refraining from prosecutions in cases where someone has a suppressed viral load.

These conclusions by Justice Canada should also be recognized by judges across Canada when they are called upon by prosecutors to apply the existing legal framework, under the law of sexual assault as it has been interpreted by the Supreme Court of Canada.

However, it remains that case that prosecuting HIV non-disclosure as sexual assault is misguided and damaging, not only to people living with HIV but also to the integrity of the law of sexual assault. We therefore welcome Justice Canada’s conclusion that, in the absence of intent to transmit HIV to a sexual partner, sexual offences are not appropriate.

As declared in the Community Consensus Statement released earlier this week, HIV non-disclosure must be removed from the reach of sexual assault law. We note that the Ontario Attorney General has explicitly echoed the call by the Canadian Coalition to Reform HIV Criminalization to examine potential Criminal Code reform.

Canada: Ontario will no longer prosecute people who don't disclose their HIV status if they have a suppressed viral load

Ontario to curb prosecution of HIV non-disclosure cases

Crown attorneys will not prosecute cases of HIV-positive people who do not disclose they have HIV if they have had a “suppressed” viral load, or amount of HIV, in their blood for six months.

The Ontario government announced Friday, World AIDS Day, that Crown attorneys will no longer prosecute cases of HIV-positive people who don’t disclose their status to their sexual partner when the person who is HIV-positive has had a suppressed viral load for six months.

Viral load is the amount of the HIV virus in a person’s blood.

The announcement was a response to the federal justice department’s report titled “Criminal Justice System’s Response to Non-Disclosure of HIV,” released Friday.

The report, backed by analysis from the Public Health Agency of Canada, concludes that the criminal law should generally not apply to people who are on HIV treatment (which suppresses their viral load and makes transmission unlikely), are not on treatment, but use condoms, or engage only in oral sex.

“The realistic possibility of a transmission test is likely not met in these circumstances,” the report concludes.

The federal report recognized that HIV “is first and foremost a public health issue,” and concluded that non-disclosure prosecutions disproportionately affect people who are Indigenous, gay and Black.

While the province’s announcement to limit prosecutions was seen as modest progress, a number of organizations quickly pointed out that the government should only be prosecuting cases where there was actual, intentional transmission of HIV.

Ontario has been criticized by advocates as being a world leader in unjustly prosecuting HIV-positive people, typically charging them with aggravated sexual assault for failing to disclose their HIV status to their sexual partner.

Published in the Star on Dec 1, 2017

Philippines: LGBTQ rights groups and advocates appeal to government authorities and medias to "Stop HIV shaming"

‘Stop HIV shaming’: When status is not the story

Here are guidelines for government authorities and media groups in handling cases and stories involving persons living with HIV

MANILA, Philippines – When agents of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) arrested 11 men in a drug bust at a hotel in Taguig City on Monday, November 27, the agency revealed more information than necessary during its press conference the following day.

Aside from announcing the raid yielded P387,000 worth of party drugs, PDEA showed mug shots of suspects and even mentioned that one of them is positive for HIV.

Immediately, mugshots photos of the suspects and keywords like “gay men,” “orgy,” and, “HIV” appeared in headlines and social media posts referring to the raid.

Netizens and advocates from the lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transexual, and queer (LGBTQ) community slammed the PDEA and media outlets that carried the angle for baring the mugshots and the disclosure of one’s HIV status. They argued that, by doing so, PDEA and the media outlets only helped perpetuate the stigma attached to the LGBTQ community and people living with HIV.

Unfortunately, this incident took place only 3 days before the world observes the World AIDS Day on Friday, December 1.

Guidelines for authorities

Disclosing to the media that one of the suspects tested positive for HIV was unnecessary, according to Senator Risa Hontiveros and several LGBTQ rights groups and advocates, like Dakila, Red Whistle, Pedal HIV, and UP Babaylan.

Their appeal to government authorities is the same: Stop HIV shaming. (READ: [DASH of SAS] Better police handling, media coverage of drugs and HIV needed)

“While the use of prohibited drugs is illegal, their sexual orientation and HIV status are unimportant and should have been treated with utmost sensitivity and respect,” UP Babaylan said in a statement.

While PDEA has since apologized, Hontiveros said in a statement released on Wednesday, November 29, that PDEA and law enforcement agencies should train themselves on the ethics and protocols in the proper handling of persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV).

“I welcome PDEA’s apology, but we cannot ignore the mental and emotional damage already inflicted on the said person. Living with HIV is not a crime. Whatever legal and criminal charges he is facing, testing positive for HIV has nothing to do with them,” Hontiveros said.

Hontiveros added that government agencies like PDEA should be at the forefront when it comes to fighting the stigma attached to PLHIV.

“Our authorities should help in telling the public that the HIV-AIDS epidemic can be effectively addressed and that persons living with HIV should have their rights protected. Our authorities should not aid the further stigmatization of those living with the disease,” she added.

Media reporting

Advocates, on the other hand, chided media groups that carried the angle for their unethical and sensational reporting. According to them, media groups that unnecessarily highlighted the HIV reference violated the confidentiality clause stated in the Republic Act 8504 or the Philippines AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998.

Article 6 of the HIV law generally aims to promote confidentiality in handling all medical information, particularly the identity and status of PLHIV. (INFOGRAPHIC: How is HIV transmitted?)

In the Philippines, there are no clear guidelines and prohibition in media on HIV disclosure. Bills filed by Dinagat Island Representative Kaka Bag-ao and Senator Risa Hontiveros seek to address this gap by strengthening the confidentiality clause of the current HIV law.

Globally, groups observe the following ethical guidelines and principles in reporting about HIV and AIDS:

Accuracy is critical.
Misconceptions should be debunked.
Clarity means being prepared to discuss sex.
Balance means giving due weight to the story.
Journalists should hold all decision makers to account.
Journalists should ensure that the voices and images of people living with and affected by HIV and AIDS are heard and seen.
Journalists should respect the rights of people with HIV and AIDS.
Particular care should be taken in dealing with children.
Discrimination, prejudice, and stigma are very harmful.

These guidelines were echoed by the Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (CMFR), a media watchdog.

In a phone interview with Rappler, CMFR editorial manager Lawrence Idia said journalists bear the responsibility of discerning which information to report to the public.

“On the part of the media, when you obtain information, you should also make sure that it does not cause any harm or violate privacy. In this case, the stigma should not have been reinforced,” he said in a mix of English and Filipino.

Idia said setting guidelines for the media on reporting sensitive issues like HIV and AIDS would be good starting point in helping break the stigma.

Fighting the stigma

Advocates agreed that the actions of PDEA and some media groups greatly affected the country’s fight against the stigma attached to PLHIV and against the health epidemic in general.

Last August, the Department of Health (DOH) cited the latest data from the UNAIDS Report on global HIV epidemic states, and announced that the Philippines has the “fastest growing” HIV epidemic in Asia-Pacific.

According to the report, the new HIV cases among Filipinos more than doubled from 4,300 in 2010 to 10,500 in 2016.

“Just reading the comments from the articles about the buy-bust is disheartening. This stigma against the LGBTQ+ Community and people with HIV/AIDS should not be tolerated,” Dakila communications director Cha Roque said.

In any case, this drawback did little to dampen the spirits of advocates who are at the frontlines in the goal to raise awareness about HIV and AIDS.

“We need to be constantly talking about how our society deals with the LGBTQ+ community. Dakila believes that as much as we celebrate that ‘love wins,’ we shall also remember that with love comes the right to express yourself, and not to be discriminated for it,” added Roque. – Rappler.com