Mexico: Mexico City Congress repeals the crime of “danger of contagion” from the Penal Code

Decriminalising the crime of danger of contagion in the CDMX; they seek to eliminate the criminalisation of people living with HIV

Translated via Deepl.com. For original article in Spanish, please scroll down.

Congresswoman Ana Francis López stressed that, with the approval of this ruling, they are fulfilling the needs of HIV-positive communities who were asking not to be discriminated against or punished.

The plenary of the Congress of Mexico City decriminalised the crime of danger of contagion. With 42 votes in favour and two against, the Congress approved the repeal of the crime of danger of contagion provided for in Article 159 of the Penal Code for the Federal District, and the modification of Articles 76 and 130, with the aim of eliminating the criminalisation of people with sexually transmitted diseases.

This crime is punishable by up to 10 years in prison, but once it is published in the Official Gazette it will no longer be punishable. Octavio Rivero, President of the Commission for the Administration and Procuration of Justice, commented that if punitive laws continue to stand in the way of prevention and treatment, “we will only drive citizens to avoid detection and care services for fear of being punished, in addition to the social discrimination that this entails”.

This opinion points out that the criminalisation of the danger of contagion is a remnant of how, from a criminal point of view, public health and sexual health used to be regulated. Furthermore, it does not necessarily imply that the victim has been infected, but rather that what is punished is the fact of living with HIV.

Similarly, it points out that, in the light of the principle of subsidiarity, the State must resort in the first instance to other measures that are less burdensome and less harmful to the right to personal liberty in order to protect the legal right to health from possible risks.

It also refers that States use the criminalisation of transmission and exposure to infectious diseases as a response to their failure to implement effective health strategies, without considering that the use of ius puniendi against infected persons does not work to guarantee the protected legal right, since imprisonment does not prevent the transmission of contagious diseases.

In this respect, Temístocles Villanueva explained that the denomination of danger of contagion is a crime that lacks the principle of specificity and is discriminatory, as it constitutes a barrier that prevents people from knowing their status.

He stressed the importance of finding a balance between protecting public health and respecting individual rights and protecting against prejudice and discrimination.

“Living with HIV is not, and can never again be, a death sentence, that with adherence to treatment we can achieve undetectable status and that undetectable is untransmissible. We must abandon the punishment-based vision imposed by the governments of that era and move forward with a vision that guarantees rights,” he argued.

Congresswoman Ana Francis López emphasised that, with the adoption of this decision, they are fulfilling the demands of the HIV-positive communities that asked not to be discriminated against or punished.

El pleno del Congreso de la Ciudad de México, derogó del Código Penal, el delito de “peligro de contagio”

Despenalizan el delito de peligro de contagio en la CDMX; buscan eliminar la criminalización de personas con VIH
Ana Francis López destacó que, con la aprobación de este dictamen, le están cumpliendo a las comunidades con VIH que pedían no ser discriminadas ni castigadas
El pleno del Congreso de la Ciudad de México despenalizó el delito de peligro de contagio, con 42 votos a favor y dos en contra se aprobó derogar el delito de peligro de contagio previsto en el artículo 159 del Código Penal para el Distrito Federal, y modificar los artículos 76 y 130, con el propósito eliminar la criminalización de las personas con enfermedades de transmisión sexual.

Este delito se castiga con hasta 10 años de cárcel, pero una vez publicado en la Gaceta Oficial ya se dejará de castigar. Al fundamentar el dictamen, el presidente de la Comisión de Administración y Procuración de Justicia, Octavio Rivero, comentó que de continuar con leyes punitivas que se interpongan en el camino de la prevención y el tratamiento, “solo conduciremos a la ciudadanía a seguir disuadiendo los servicios de detección y atención por temor a ser castigadas y castigados, además de la carga discriminatoria social que esto conlleva”.

Este dictamen señala que la tipificación del delito de peligro de contagio es un remanente de cómo, desde lo penal, se buscaba regular la salud pública y la salud sexual. Además, no implica necesariamente que la víctima haya sido contagiada, sino que lo que sanciona es el hecho de vivir con VIH.

De igual forma, señala que, a la luz del principio de subsidiariedad, el Estado debe recurrir en primera instancia a otras medidas menos gravosas y lesivas del derecho a la libertad personal para proteger el bien jurídico de la salud frente a eventuales riesgos.

Asimismo, refiere que los Estados usan la penalización de la transmisión y exposición a enfermedades infectocontagiosas como respuesta a su fallo en estrategias sanitarias eficaces, sin considerar que el uso del ius puniendi en contra de las personas infectadas no funciona para garantizar el bien jurídico tutelado, pues el encarcelamiento no previene la transmisión de las enfermedades contagiosas.

Al respecto, el diputado Temístocles Villanueva explicó que la denominación de peligro de contagio es un delito que carece del principio de taxatividad y es discriminatorio, pues constituye una barrera que impide que las personas conozcan su estatu.

Asimismo, destacó la importancia de encontrar un equilibrio entre la protección de la salud pública y el respeto a los derechos individuales y la protección ante los prejuicios y la discriminación.

“Vivir con VIH no es, ni puede volver a ser, una condena de muerte, que con adherencia a un tratamiento podemos acceder al estatus de indetectabilidad y que indetectable es intransmisible. Debemos abandonar la visión punitivista impuesta por los gobiernos de esa época y avanzar con la visión garantista de derechos”, argumentó.

La diputada Ana Francis López destacó que, con la aprobación de este dictamen, le están cumpliendo a las comunidades con VIH que pedían no ser discriminadas ni castigadas.

US: Williams Institute publishes new report on the enforcement of HIV Criminalization in Maryland

Williams Institute report: Black people account for 82 percent of HIV criminal cases in Md.

A report the Williams Institute released on Thursday notes Black people account for 82 percent of HIV-related criminal cases in Maryland.

The report notes Black people account for 30 percent of Maryland’s population, and 71 percent of people living with HIV in the state. The Williams Institute report also indicates Black men account for 14 percent of Maryland’s population and 44 percent of people living with HIV in the state, but comprise 68 percent of people accused in HIV-related criminal cases.

The report indicates at least 104 cases and at least 148 charges of “knowingly transferring HIV to another” in Maryland from 2000-2020. Three of the 104 cases, according to the report, “alleged only attempted ‘knowing transferring HIV to another.’”

Sixty-nine percent of “enforcement of HIV criminal laws” in Maryland happened in three jurisdictions: Baltimore City (32 percent), Montgomery County (19 percent) and Prince George’s County (18 percent.)

“Maryland’s law was enacted in 1989 at the height of the AIDS crisis before we had effective treatments for HIV,” said Williams Institute Criminalization Project Director Nathan Cisneros, who is the study’s lead author. “We now have medical treatments that wholly eliminate the risk of transmitting HIV through sex, yet these advances are not reflected in Maryland law despite several reform attempts in recent years.”

Section 18-601.1 of Maryland’s Health Code states “an individual who has the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may not knowingly transfer or attempt to transfer the human immunodeficiency virus to another individual.” Anyone “who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction” could face a fine of up to $2,500 and/or up to three years in prison.

The Williams Institute based its report on data it obtained from the Maryland State Administrative Office of the Courts.

Download the full report

Burkina Faso: Civil society organisations call for a review of HIV law to reflect science

Healthcare civil society stakeholders call for revision of Law 030 (Burkina 24)

Translated via Deep.com. For original article in French, please scroll down

Civil society organisations in the health sector met in Ouagadougou on 29 December 2023 to call on the Burkina Faso authorities to revise Law 030 on the fight against HIV/AIDS and the protection of people living with HIV/AIDS. The law dates back to 2008 and, according to the statement read out by the civil society actors, is no longer in line with current developments in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

Civil society organisations have issued a statement calling for a review of Law 030 on combating HIV/AIDS and protecting the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS. The statement, issued by the Convergence Communautaire du Faso-COCOFA, aims to speed up the process of revising this law to provide better protection for people living with HIV/AIDS.

Otherwise, the Chairman of the Board of Directors of COCOFA, Édouard Diapa, acknowledged that a consultation with government players augurs well for the future as far as the revision of law 030 is concerned.

However, he said, it was their duty to remain vigilant until the law was effectively revised. Why do they want this law revised? “Because the context has changed. From 2008 to now, there have been many developments in relation to the undetectable viral load, which allows people living with HIV to live with their partner without transmitting HIV. This was not the case in 2008, which is why the law needs to be revised”, explained Souleymane Bansé of the Association la vie continue.

The stakeholders therefore called on the government to focus on their advocacy, so that together they can achieve the three times 95 objective, i.e. 95% of people on treatment, 95% of people who know their serostatus and 95% of people tested.

Lutte contre le VIH/SIDA : Des acteurs de la Société civile en santé demandent la révision de la loi 030 (Burkina 24)
Des acteurs de la société civile en Santé se sont réunis le 29 décembre 2023 à Ouagadougou pour demander aux autorités burkinabè la révision de la loi 030 portant lutte contre le VIH/SIDA et protection des personnes vivant avec le VIH-SIDA. Une loi datant de 2008, qui selon la déclaration lue par ces acteurs de la Société Civile en Santé, ne cadre plus avec l’évolution de la lutte contre le VIH/SIDA actuellement.

C’est une action de veille qui a conduit des organisations de la Société civile à faire une déclaration relative pour demander la révision de la loi 030 portant lutte contre le VIH-SIDA et protection des droits des personnes vivant avec le VIH-SIDA. Cette déclaration portée par la Convergence communautaire du Faso-COCOFA vise à accélérer le processus de révision de cette loi pour une meilleure protection de personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA.

Sinon, le Président du Conseil d’Administration du COCOFA, Édouard Diapa, a reconnu qu’une concertation avec des acteurs du gouvernement augure de lendemain meilleur en ce qui concerne la révision de la loi 030.

Cependant, a-t-il dit, il est de leur devoir de maintenir la veille jusqu’à ce que la loi soit effectivement révisée. Pourquoi vouloir la révision de cette loi? « Parce que le contexte a évolué. De 2008 à maintenant, il y a eu beaucoup dévolutions par rapport à la charge virale indétectable qui permet à la personne vivant avec le VIH de vivre avec son partenaire ou sa partenaire sans lui transmettre le VIH. Chose qui n’était pas évidente en 2008, d’où la révision de cette loi est nécessaire », a expliqué Souleymane Bansé de l’Association la vie continue.
Ces acteurs ont donc invité le gouvernement à se pencher sur leur plaidoyer afin qu’ils atteignent ensemble l’objectif des trois fois 95 à savoir, 95% de personnes mises sous traitement, 95% de personnes qui connaissent leur statut sérologique et 95% de personnes dépistées.

Singapore: Ministry of Health review of HIV disclosure law will take latest science into account

HIV disclosure law being reviewed

A law requiring those with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to inform their sexual partners of the risk of HIV transmission or face jail time is being reviewed, said the Ministry of Health (MOH).

This is as studies have shown that people living with HIV who have been compliant with treatment and have maintained a stable undetectable viral load have practically no risk of transmitting HIV to their sexual partners, MOH said in response to queries from The Straits Times.

The review opens up the possibility that such disclosures may no longer be prescribed – a change given that penalties were enhanced in 2008.

“MOH is conducting a review of the Infectious Diseases Act (IDA) following the White Paper on Singapore’s Response to Covid-19, and will take the latest scientific evidence into account when reviewing the sections on HIV to ensure continued relevance and alignment with our public health policy goals,” said its spokesman.

Infectious diseases and HIV experts that ST spoke to were of the view that the law, which was introduced in 1992, needed updating.

A section of the IDA currently requires those living with HIV to disclose this to their sexual partners before having sex, so that their partners can make an informed decision and take the necessary precautions to protect themselves.

In 2008, the maximum jail term for failing to do so was raised from two years to 10 years.

Culpability was also widened to include persons who do not know if they have HIV or Aids but who have reason to believe they have been exposed to significant risk of infection, such as if they have multiple sex partners.

The objective of the amendment was to promote condom use and regular HIV testing, while sending a strong message that no one has a right to put others at risk through irresponsible behaviour, said then Health Minister Khaw Boon Wan during the 2008 parliamentary debate on the amendment.

HIV attacks the immune system and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (Aids) is the final stage of its infection. Aids is fatal if left untreated.

While there is no cure for HIV, antiretroviral therapy can improve the immune system and suppress the viral load in a patient’s body to an undetectable level.

Singapore has close to 7,000 people living with this disease out of a total of 9,331 who have been diagnosed since 1985, MOH said in an update on the HIV/Aids situation in June. The rest have died, including 107 in 2022.

There were 188 newly diagnosed cases of HIV in the first 10 months of 2023, 97 per cent of which were men. This is 10 per cent higher than the number of cases in the same period in 2022.

From 2019 to December 2023, six people were convicted for failing to disclose their HIV status to their sexual partners.

In November, a transgender sex worker living with HIV was sentenced to three years and three months’ jail after being convicted of having sex with three men without informing them about the condition. Court documents identified him as male.

A medical report in June 2018 stated that his HIV viral load was undetectable, but his viral load was found to be high in November 2018 due to his non-adherence to HIV treatment. This usually involves consuming medication regularly.

“In such a situation, there is certainly a risk of HIV transmission,” said the MOH spokesman of the case. “If he had told his partners of his HIV status, as required by law, the partners may choose not to engage in sexual activities with him or to take precautions.”

But advocacy groups and infectious diseases experts said the current law may be counterproductive to public health goals.

In a Forum letter published in ST in November, Action for Aids Singapore president Roy Chan and the president of sex worker non-governmental organisation Project X, Dr Rayner Tan, argued that sexual health should be a shared responsibility between partners, regardless of their HIV status.

This includes adopting HIV-prevention strategies, like the proper use of condoms and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PrEP is a medicine that reduces one’s chances of getting HIV from sex or injection drug use.

Professor Chan and Dr Tan, who both specialise in HIV and sexually transmitted infections, also pointed to existing legislation outside the IDA that penalises deception and grievous harm to argue that a law governing HIV disclosure alone is unnecessary.

Dr Leong Hoe Nam, an infectious disease specialist at Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, is also of the view that the law should be repealed.

“It is a very extreme minority who want to deliberately infect other people with HIV, but everyone should know that they can protect themselves from HIV by using condoms or taking PrEP,” he said.

Dr Leong added that he advocates awareness, self-protection, safe sex, using oral quick tests and encouraging people to come forward and get tested.

In a February parliamentary reply, Health Minister Ong Ye Kung said the use of prophylaxis is a supplementary HIV-prevention option, as they are not fully effective nor do they protect against other sexually transmitted infections.

He cautioned against “sending the wrong signal that these drugs can substitute the recommended HIV-prevention methods, such as avoiding casual sex and correct use of condoms”.

Senior lecturer Ritu Jain at the Language and Communication Centre at Nanyang Technological University said she concurred with Prof Chan and Dr Tan.

A principal investigator for a National Centre for Infectious Diseases-funded study that interviewed 73 people, including 56 people living with HIV, Dr Jain told ST that the recently concluded study found that the law disincentivises testing and encourages a “don’t know, don’t tell” mindset, contrary to its aim.

Responding to ST’s queries, MOH said the current law accords choice and protection to the partner of someone with HIV, who can decide whether to engage in sexual activity, and, if so, to take precautions to reduce risk.

At the 2008 debate to amend the IDA, Mr Khaw said the Government’s intention behind enhancing the law was not to criminalise HIV-infected patients, but to push them to act more responsibly and not to hide behind the ignorance of their HIV status.

“We will only act if there is a complaint from an aggrieved victim, and only after a thorough investigation to establish the facts,” he added.

2023 in review: A delicate balance

A DELICATE BALANCE

Working to end punitive laws and policies that impact people living with HIV is never easy, but this year has been especially hard, as we fought to maintain that delicate balance between moving forward in our advocacy and preventing the erosion of our previous gains fuelled by the anti-rights movement and the growth of right-wing populism.

For the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic hit, we saw an increase in the number of reported HIV-related prosecutions: 86 cases in 18 countries. This compares with 49 cases in 16 countries last year and 54 cases in 20 countries in 2021. This year, as in previous years, the highest number of case reports come from the EECA region (Uzbekistan and Russia), followed by the United States (10 cases – a significant decrease) and the United Kingdom (5 cases – a worrying increase).

It is possible that we were seeing more case reports because there were actually more cases, but we must always consider these reported cases to be illustrative of what is likely to be a far more widespread, poorly documented use of criminal law against people living with HIV.

Although many people arrested or prosecuted were heterosexual men, we also saw a range of intersectional identities impacted by HIV criminalisation – particularly sex workers who may also have been transgender and/or people of colour and/or with a migration background. It is clear that a convergence of multiple levels of criminalisation, discrimination and other vulnerabilities leads to over-policing of the bodies and behaviours of people living with HIV.

LATIN AMERICA

Some of the most exciting and promising developments in 2023 came from Latin America. In June, Belize repealed its HIV-specific criminal law, enacted in 2001 but never applied, primarily to enable the country to be certified as having eliminated vertical transmission. And in August, Costa Rica’s People Living with HIV organisation pushed back against a parliamentarian’s proposal to reinstate an HIV criminalisation law.

It’s also clear that sustained advocacy by civil society in Mexico – which began in earnest when the HIV JUSTICE WORLDWIDE coalition supported the creation of the Mexican network in 2017 – is really making a difference. In March, the state of Nayarit repealed its infectious disease law that had mostly applied to people with HIV. The district of Mexico City is on its way to repeal a similar law. And another Mexican state, Baja California Sur, modernised the wording of the same law to attempt to destigmatise it, by removing the concept that communicable diseases are only prosecutable if sexually transmitted.

In November, a proposal for a new HIV criminalisation law in the state of Puebla was withdrawn following criticisms from HIV and human rights organisations, and a month later there are now proposals to reform the existing law. And civil society pressure to remove the federal HIV criminalisation law on constitutional grounds may have led to Mexico’s first trans congresswomen advocating for the repeal of the law in parliament. Given Mexico’s rights-based approach to SRHR – the country decriminalised abortion earlier this year – at least one of these repeal pathways are likely to succeed next year.

NORTH AMERICA

In the United States, we continued to see a marked reduction in the number of cases as the movement to repeal or modernise HIV criminalisation laws continued to grow due to ongoing, sustained advocacy by networks of people living with HIV with support from philanthropic funders as well as federal and state political leaders and public health institutions. Although, no states fully repealed their HIV-specific laws in 2023, and law reform proposals in Indiana, Minnesota, and North Dakota failed to pass, there were some important victories in Tennessee. Here, both law reform and strategic litigation bore fruit, the former by removing mandatory sex offender registration for those convicted under the HIV law, and the latter resulting in a ruling that Tennessee’s ‘aggravated prostitution’ statute violated the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Canada – another former global HIV criminalisation leader – continued to report fewer cases, with just one new reported case in 2023. As in the United States, this is the result of many years of sustained advocacy, although the federal government has still not responded formally to its 2022 public consultation on substantially reforming its approach to HIV criminalisation. The Canadian Coalition to Reform HIV Criminalization, led by HIV JUSTICE WORLDWIDE coalition partner, the HIV Legal Network, issued a strong statement on World AIDS Day calling for action.

AFRICA

Unlike previous years, the only country on the African continent with reported new HIV criminalisation cases in 2023 was Kenya, where lawmakers are still planning to follow Uganda in enacting even more criminalisation aimed at LGBTI people – as are Botswana, Ghana, and Niger. Following the December 2022 dismissal of the constitutional challenge to Kenya’s HIV-specific provisions in the Sexual Offences Act, there are plans to appeal and to continue to lobby for change.

Strategic litigation led by KELIN was ultimately successful in establishing that women living with HIV possess the inherent right to make informed choices regarding their reproductive decisions following a nine-year process, so sustained advocacy – and patience – may be required. Patience may also be needed in South Africa where long-awaited sex work decriminalisation was further postponed, although parliament did agree to clear COVID lockdown criminal records. Elsewhere, another positive development in the region was the repeal of Mauritius’ colonial-era sodomy law which means that the number of nations with laws against gay sex has now fallen to 66.

EASTERN EUROPE / CENTRAL ASIA

People living with HIV in the EECA region continue to face multiple challenges. In just the first six months of 2023, there were 20 cases of alleged “intentional HIV transmission” to sexual partners in Uzbekistan’s Tashkent region – the highest HIV criminalisation case count anywhere in the world. The majority of those prosecuted appeared to be women. This comes as no surprise given that an analysis of cases and laws across the ECCA region by our HIV JUSTICE WORLDWIDE partners, the Eurasian Women’s Network on AIDS (EWNA), found that women living with HIV bear the brunt of the “legalised stigma” of HIV criminalisation in the region.

One of the main reasons for the high number of cases in the EECA region is the integration of HIV criminalisation within healthcare policies: newly diagnosed individuals are made to sign a paper acknowledging their legal liability for HIV prevention often without receiving adequate or meaningful counselling or support. In Russia – where the second highest number of cases were reported – a study found that most HIV clinicians support HIV criminalisation, and in Kazakhstan it was revealed that 1-in-1000 people newly diagnosed with HIV in 2022 filed a police report blaming someone else for their infection.

The legal environment for people living with HIV in Russia continues to worsen, as it does for all its citizens, especially LGBTI people – with trans women sex worker migrants facing the brunt of the Russia’s anti-LGBT “propaganda” law. And in Tajikistan, homophobic and HIV-phobic law enforcement practices resulted in ten gay men being arrested Dushanbe on suspicion of “infecting 86 people with HIV.” The only positive news for the region came from Ukraine, where a new protective HIV law was adopted earlier this year, although criminal liability for HIV exposure or transmission remains a possibility.

WESTERN EUROPE

December saw two contrasting developments in Western Europe. Just as Ireland’s Supreme Court overturned the country’s first-ever sexual HIV criminalisation case – partially based on now well-established limitations of scientific evidence being able to prove who infected whom – a lower court in Latvia convicted someone of alleged HIV transmission for the first time.

And although in the United Kingdom, a long-awaited update to the Crown Prosecution Service’s guidance now unequivocally states that an undetectable viral load stops HIV transmission, five HIV criminalisation cases still took place, along with a highly publicised civil case. Per capita, this meant that in 2023 the UK had a five-fold incidence of reported HIV criminalisation cases compared to the United States!

ASIA PACIFIC

Singapore continues to lead the Asia Pacific region with four reported HIV criminalisation cases in 2023: one for blood donation, two for biting, and one involving a transgender sex worker for alleged HIV exposure. Although South Korea’s constitutional court ended up declaring most of its HIV criminalisation provisions constitutional, their recognition that U=U suggests the law may evolve to recognise up-to-date science.

Although ending HIV criminalisation cannot rely on science alone, it can help limit unjust prosecutions while we work to end the HIV-related stigma, discrimination and structural inequalities that drive criminalisation.

BRINGING SCIENCE TO JUSTICE

This year, we celebrated five years since the publication of the ‘Expert Consensus Statement on the Science of HIV in the Context of Criminal Law’ with our ‘Five-Year Impact Report’ and an HIV Justice Live! webshow focused on bringing science to justice. Both proved that the Expert Consensus Statement remains relevant, accurate and extremely useful.

Given this delicate balance between moving forward and preventing the erosion of hard-won rights there is still so much more to do to reach the global target of fewer than 10% of countries with punitive laws and policies that negatively impact the HIV response.

LET COMMUNITIES LEAD

To ensure that communities continue to lead, and to further enable the building of an intersectional movement to end punitive laws and policies that impact people living with HIV in all diversity, we made our online platform for e-learning and training, the HIV Justice Academy, more widely available in Spanish and Russian, to complement our English and French versions.

In 2023, the HIV Justice Academy was visited by several thousand learners from 110 countries. We were thrilled to learn that graduates of our flagship HIV Criminalisation Online Course told us that they really benefitted from the course, finding it relevant, interesting, and engaging.

RENEWED FOCUS FOR 2024

We will begin 2024 with a renewed focus to achieving HIV justice as we continue to:

build the evidence base by gathering relevant data and information from around the world.
raise awareness across multiple platforms and communities of the harms of HIV criminalisation.
create, collate, and disseminate advocacy tools and resources to foster more effective responses to damaging laws, policies, and media narratives; and
bring individuals and national, regional, and global networks and organisations together, as part of the HIV JUSTICE WORLDWIDE coalition, to catalyse change.

Mexico’s first trans congresswomen advocates for the repeal of HIV and STI criminalisation article

María Clemente proposes decriminalising the transmission of sexual diseases

Translated with Deepl.com – For article in Spanish, please scroll down

The Morena deputy’s initiative seeks to repeal article 199 bis on the danger of contagion of sexual diseases.
María Clemente García Moreno, a member of the Morena party, has presented an initiative to decriminalise sanctions related to the transmission of sexual diseases.

The project seeks the repeal of several parts of the Federal Penal Code, specifically article 199 bis which deals with the danger of contagion.

This article, published in the Official Journal of the Federation on 14 February 1940, establishes that those who, knowing that they are sick with syphilis or another venereal disease in its contagious stage, may put the health of another at risk through sexual relations, will face penalties of up to three years in prison and fines of up to three thousand pesos.
This applies even if the contagion does not occur. Legal action can only be taken in cases of spouses with a complaint from the aggrieved spouse.

Discrimination against persons with sexual diseases
García Moreno points out that this provision criminalises people with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially those living with HIV, subjecting them to criminal law simply because of the possibility of exposing others to infection. She argues that this law is discriminatory and disproportionately affects these communities.

The MP finally argues that “in each of these acts there is always a minimal possibility that a new infection will be generated, either by a failure of a condom or the efficacy of antiretroviral [sic] drugs”.

Debate between Congress and civil society
The MP argues that the key is to implement preventive and educational strategies to protect the health of all citizens. Her proposal has generated intense discussions, dividing legislators: some believe that criminal sanctions are necessary to safeguard public health and hold accountable those who endanger others.

On the other hand, there are dissenting voices, pointing out that criminalising disease transmission is not the solution and advocating greater awareness and access to health services to prevent the spread of infections.

Meanwhile, human rights organisations and activists are vigilant, calling for fairer legislation that addresses the needs of all, regardless of their health status.

María Clemente propone despenalizar transmisión de enfermedades sexuales

La iniciativa de la diputada de Morena, busca derogar el artículo 199 bis sobre peligro de contagio en enfermedades sexuales.
María Clemente García Moreno, diputada de la bancada Morena, ha presentado una iniciativa para despenalizar las sanciones relacionadas con la transmisión de enfermedades sexuales.

El proyecto busca la derogación de varias partes del Código Penal Federal, específicamente el artículo 199 bis que trata sobre el peligro de contagio.

Este artículo, publicado en el Diario Oficial de la Federación el 14 de febrero de 1940, establece que aquellos que sabiendo que están enfermos de sífilis u otra enfermedad venérea en su etapa contagiosa, puedan poner en riesgo la salud de otro mediante relaciones sexuales, enfrentarán penas de hasta tres años de cárcel y multas de hasta tres mil pesos.
Esto se aplica incluso si el contagio no se produce. Solo se puede proceder legalmente en casos de cónyuges con una denuncia del cónyuge agraviado.

Discriminación a personas con enfermedades sexuales
García Moreno señala que esta disposición penaliza a personas con infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), especialmente a quienes viven con el VIH, sometiéndolos al derecho penal simplemente por la posibilidad de exponer a otros a una infección. Ella afirma que esta ley es discriminatoria y afecta desproporcionadamente a estas comunidades.

La diputada finalmente argumenta que “en cada uno de estos actos siempre hay una mínima posibilidad de que se genere una nueva infección, sea por una falla del condón o de la eficacia de los medicamentos antirretrovirales [sic]”.

Debate entre el Congreso y la sociedad civil
La diputada argumenta que la clave está en implementar estrategias preventivas y educativas para proteger la salud de todos los ciudadanos. Su propuesta ha generado discusiones intensas, dividiendo a los legisladores: algunos creen que las sanciones penales son necesarias para salvaguardar la salud pública y responsabilizar a quienes ponen en peligro a otros.

Por otro lado, hay voces que discrepan, señalando que penalizar la transmisión de enfermedades no es la solución y abogando por una mayor conciencia y acceso a servicios de salud para prevenir la propagación de infecciones.

Mientras tanto, organizaciones y activistas de derechos humanos están atentos, exigiendo una legislación más justa que atienda las necesidades de todos, independientemente de su estado de salud.

Mexico: HIV criminalisation reform proposal approved by Mexico City Justice Commission; it now progresses to legislative plenary

Mexico City Commission launches initiative to end criminalisation of people living with HIV

Translated via Deepl.com. For original article, please scroll down

The Commission of Administration and Procuration of Justice of the Congress of Mexico City approved the resolution of the initiative to reform and repeal various provisions of the local Penal Code, with the aim of eliminating article 159 that criminalises people with HIV.

The initiative also seeks to amend articles 76 and 130, with the aim of eliminating the criminalisation of people with sexually transmitted diseases.

The document notes that HIV-related stigma and fear continue to proliferate in many regions and discriminatory practices are widespread in health and other social services.

“Depriving people of their liberty because of their health status violates their right to legal equality, the right to non-discrimination, sexual and reproductive rights, the right to health protection and the right to quality, timely, safe and effective health care,” the initiative states.

In an extraordinary virtual session, the deputy José Octavio Rivero Villaseñor (Morena), president of this commission, explained that the opinions of several legislators interested in the issue were gathered for this ruling.

It is expected that next Thursday in session, the legislative plenary will raise the initiative for general approval and repeal.

Mexico: Sexual connotation removed from BCS article on “danger of contagion” but full repeal denied

To avoid discrimination, article of the BCS Penal Code on “danger of contagion” was reformed

Translated via Deepl.com – Scroll down for original article in Spanish

The sexual connotation was removed from the wording of Article 168 of the BCS Penal Code, which addresses the “Danger of Contagion”.

La Paz, Baja California Sur (BCS). This week, the Legislative Power approved a citizen’s initiative to reform article 168 of the Penal Code for Baja California Sur, referring to “danger of contagion”, in whose wording the sexual connotation was removed, following a citizen’s initiative.

The text defined the danger of contagion as “whoever, with the knowledge that he or she suffers from a serious and transmissible disease, puts the health of another in danger of contagion, through sexual relations or any other transmissible means”, as stated.

Therefore, a generic term was proposed and approved by the assembly, to read as follows: “Whoever, with the knowledge that he or she is suffering from a serious and transmissible disease, endangers the health of someone else by any transmissible means”.

In its opinion, the Standing Committee on Constitutional Points and Justice established that the previous wording does indeed refer, in particular, to sexual relations as a means of committing the crime, which could result in a form of discrimination against people suffering from HIV.

It is worth mentioning that, in the original initiative, it was proposed to repeal the article in its entirety, however, the deputies considered reforming the law.

“The text referring to ‘sexual relations’ was deleted, with the aim of not falling under the assumption of the unconstitutionality action number 139/2015, where the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation invalidated the contested normative part, that is, the added expression ‘sexually transmitted infections’,” explained the president of the Constitutional and Justice Commission, José María Avilés Castro.

Para evitar discriminación, reforman artículo del Código Penal de BCS sobre “peligro de contagio”

Se suprimió la connotación sexual en la redacción del Artículo 168 del Código Penal en BCS, misma que aborda el “Peligro de Contagio”

La Paz, Baja California Sur (BCS). Esta semana, en el Poder Legislativo se aprobó una iniciativa ciudadana que reforma el artículo 168 del Código Penal para Baja California Sur, referente al “peligro de contagio”, en cuya redacción se suprimió la connotación sexual; esto, tras una iniciativa ciudadana.

El texto definía al peligro de contagio como “a quien con conocimiento de que padece una enfermedad grave y transmitible, ponga en peligro de contagio la salud de otro, por relaciones sexual u otro medio transmitible”, según lo expuesto.

Por lo anterior, se propuso un término genérico y fue aprobado por la asamblea, para quedar de la siguiente forma: “A quien con conocimiento de que padezca una enfermedad grave y transmitible ponga en peligro de contagio la salud de alguien por cualquier medio transmitible”.

La Comisión Permanente de Puntos Constitucionales y de Justicia en su dictamen estableció que la redacción anterior efectivamente hace alusión, en forma particular, a las relaciones sexuales como medio de comisión del delito, lo que se podía traducir en una forma de discriminación a las personas que padecen VIH.

Conviene mencionar que, en la iniciativa original se proponía derogar el artículo en su totalidad, sin embargo, los diputados consideraron reformar la Ley.

“Se suprimió el texto referente a ‘relaciones sexuales’, con la finalidad de no caer en el supuesto de la acción de inconstitucionalidad número 139/2015, donde la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación invalidó la parte normativa impugnada, esto es, la expresión adicionada ‘infecciones de transmisión sexual’”, explicó el presidente de la comisión de Puntos Constitucionales y de Justicia, José María Avilés Castro.

Mexico: Proposal for reform of HIV and STI criminalisation law put forward to Puebla Justice Commission for consideration

Proposed repeal of penalties for people with sexually transmitted diseases

Translated via Deepl.com – Scroll down for original article in Spanish

Because they are discriminatory, they are proposing to the State Congress to repeal the sanctions applicable to those who are carriers of a sexually transmitted disease that could put other people at risk of infection.

Jocelyn Olivares López, a member of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena), said that articles 213 and 214 of the Puebla Penal Code violate the human rights of people diagnosed with one of these diseases.
She pointed out that the discrimination experienced by people with AIDS or any sexually transmitted infection is unfortunate, as prevention and care of the diseases are put on the back burner and their criminalisation is encouraged.

“The purpose is to eliminate the sanctions established for those who, knowing that they suffer from a sexually transmitted infection or any other chronic or serious disease that can be transmitted sexually or by any other direct means, put the health of another person at risk of infection”.
The initiative proposed by the Morena legislator was turned over to the Commission for the Procuration and Administration of Justice of the LXI Legislature for its study and corresponding resolution.

Proponen derogar sanciones aplicables a portadores de enfermedades venéreas

Por ser discriminatorias, proponen al Congreso del Estado la derogación de las sanciones aplicables a quienes siendo portadores de una enfermedad de transmisión sexual pudieran poner en riesgo de contagio a otras personas.

La diputada por el Movimiento de Regeneración Nacional (Morena), Jocelyn Olivares López, dijo que los artículos 213 y 214 del Código Penal de Puebla vulneran los derechos humanos de las personas diagnosticadas con alguno de estos padecimientos.
Señaló que es lamentable la discriminación que viven las personas con Sida o alguna infección de transmisión sexual, pues se deja en segundo plano a la prevención y atención de las enfermedades y se fomenta su criminalización.

“El propósito es eliminar las sanciones establecidas a quien sabiendo que padece un mal venéreo o cualquier otra enfermedad crónica o grave que sea transmisible por vía sexual o por cualquier otro medio directo, pusiere en peligro de contagio la salud de otra persona”.
La iniciativa planteada por la legisladora de Morena fue turnada a la Comisión de Procuración y Administración de Justicia de la LXI Legislatura para su estudio y resolución correspondiente.

Mexico: HIV Criminalisation reform one of the pending issues in Mexico City backlog of legislative reforms

Congress is behind on reform to decriminalise HIV

Translated via Deepl.com. Scroll down for the original article in Spanish.

Congress is behind on reform to decriminalise HIV

The local Congress has an initiative on the agenda to remove the stigmatisation of people with HIV from Article 159 of the Penal Code, said the Attorney General of Justice, Ernestina Godoy. This Article establishes that a person can go to prison for up to 10 years for living with a “serious illness” for the crime of “danger of contagion”. “The Mexico City Congress is now debating proposals to repeal the criminal offence of danger of contagion, because it stigmatises and criminalises people living with HIV,” said the Prosecutor. “This would be a very important step forward in the fight against discrimination. ,
The reform is one of the pending issues in the backlog of this legislature, and the head of government, Martí Batres, said that the law criminalises people with HIV, which is why he asked legislators to remove it. “Today (Friday), which is World AIDS Day, we reiterate the call we made to the Congress of Mexico City to repeal Article 159,” said Batres. He added that criminal behaviour should be included in the Penal Code. “And we must decriminalise those behaviours that are not part of criminal activities, that is why today (Friday) we reiterate this call to repeal Article 159 of the Penal Code,” he insisted. “It criminalises an intention and a risk, not criminal behaviour”. The Head of Government underlined that the provision will contribute to building a city of human rights.

Adeuda Congreso reforma para despenalizar VIH

El Congreso local tiene agendada una iniciativa para suprimir la estigmatización de las personas con VIH del Artículo 159 del Código Penal, señaló la Fiscal General de Justicia, Ernestina Godoy. Este Artículo establece que una persona podrá ir a prisión hasta 10 años por vivir con una “enfermedad grave” por el delito de “peligro de contagio”. “El Congreso de la Ciudad de México debate ahora propuestas para derogar el tipo penal de peligro de contagio, debido a que estigmatiza y criminaliza a las personas que viven con VIH”, planteó la Fiscal. “Esto sería un avance muy importante en la lucha contra la discriminación”.
La reforma es uno de los pendientes acumulados en los rezagos de esta legislatura.El Jefe de Gobierno, Martí Batres , expuso que tal ordenamiento criminaliza a las personas con VIH, por lo que se pidió a los legisladores quitarlo. “Hoy (viernes), que es el Día Mundial de Lucha contra el SIDA, reiteramos el llamado que hicimos al Congreso de la Ciudad de México para derogar el Artículo 159”, urgió Batres. El Mandatario agregó que en el Código Penal deben estar las conductas criminales. “Y debemos descriminalizar aquellas conductas que no forman parte de actividades delictivas, por eso el día de hoy (viernes) reiteramos este llamado para derogar el Artículo 159 del Código Penal”, insistió. “Criminaliza una intención y un riesgo, y no una conducta criminal”. El Jefe de Gobierno subrayó que la disposición abonará en construir una Ciudad de derechos humanos.